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每日英语文章中美洲自然灾害


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每日英语文章选自《TheEconomist》

ECONOMIST:NaturalandpoliticaldisastersinCentralAmerica

经济学人:中美洲的自然和政治灾难

HurricanedamagewillcauseproblemsforJoeBiden,too

飓风破坏也会给乔·拜登带来问题

ItisamonthsinceCentralAmericawashitinquicksuccessionbytwohurricanes.PartsofnorthernHondurasarestillunderwater:50bridgesaredown,androadsandmanyhospitalsandschoolsarestillflooded.Inall,somepeoplediedand7mwereaffectedbythestorms,mostoftheminHondurasandGuatemala,accordingtotheun.Tensofthousandsofhomesweredestroyed,andperhaps,peoplearelivinginmakeshiftshelters.

中美洲接连遭受两场飓风袭击已经一个月了。洪都拉斯北部部分地区仍在水下:50座桥梁倒塌,医院和学校仍被洪水淹没。根据联合国的数据,总共有人死亡,万人受到风暴的影响,其中大多数在洪都拉斯和危地马拉。成千上万的房屋被摧毁,大约,人住在临时避难所。

Thehurricanescameatabadtime,amidthepandemicanditseconomicslump.WhereasinGuatemalaandNicaraguatheystruckruralareas,inHondurastheydevastatedtheSulavalley,thecountry’seconomicheartland.TheHonduraneconomywasalreadysettoshrinkby7%,andunemploymenthadsoared.Honduras,acountryof10mpeople,“isnowfacingthegreatestcatastropheinitshistory”,saysGinaKawas,aconsultantattheCentralAmericanBankforEconomicIntegrationwhoisbasedinTegucigalpa,thecapital.Totaldamageisequivalentto40%ofgdp.

飓风来得正是时候,正值流感大流行和经济衰退之际。在危地马拉和尼加拉瓜,他们袭击了农村地区,而在洪都拉斯,他们摧毁了该国的经济中心苏拉谷。洪都拉斯经济已经开始萎缩7%,失业率飙升。总部位于首都特古西加尔巴的中美洲经济一体化银行顾问吉娜·卡瓦斯说,拥有1万人口的洪都拉斯“正面临着历史上最大的灾难”。总伤害相当于国内生产总值。

Withlivelihoodsdestroyed,theflowofmigrantstotheUnitedStatesislikelytoincrease.SothinkthepresidentsofHonduras,JuanOrlandoHernández,andGuatemala,AlejandroGiammattei.BothhavecitedthelikelihoodofincreasedmigrationwhencallingforNorthAmericanhelp.“Ifwedon’twanttoseehordesofCentralAmericanslookingtogotocountrieswithabetterqualityoflife,wehavetocreatewallsofprosperityinCentralAmerica,”saidMrGiammattei.

随着生计遭到破坏,流向美国的移民可能会增加。所以想想洪都拉斯总统胡安·奥兰多·埃尔南德斯和危地马拉总统亚历杭德罗·贾马提。两人在呼吁北美帮助时都提到了移民增加的可能性。“如果我们不想看到成群结队的中美洲人去生活质量更高的国家,我们必须在中美洲建立繁荣之墙,”贾马提先生说。

Thisisrealistic—andanimplicitthreat.HondurasandGuatemalaareamongtheworst-governedcountriesinLatinAmerica.Theyofferacaricatureoftheregion’sills,ofpoverty,inequality,racism,corruptionandthecaptureofthestatebyself-servingelites.Governmentspendinginbothcountriesisthelowestperpersonintheregion,afteronlyHaiti.GuatemalahadprotestsinNovemberoverMrGiammattei’sbudget,whichcuteducationspendingwhilelavishingmoneyoninsiders.MrHernándezfacedprotestsin,whenopponentsaccusedhimoffraudulentlywinningasecondterm.

这是现实的——也是隐含的威胁。洪都拉斯和危地马拉是拉丁美洲治理最差的国家之一。它们讽刺了该地区的弊病、贫困、不平等、种族主义、腐败以及自私自利的精英对国家的控制。这两个国家的人均政府支出是该地区最低的,仅次于海地。危地马拉在11月份对贾马提的预算提出抗议,该预算削减了教育支出,同时向内部人士慷慨解囊。埃尔南德斯先生在年面临抗议,当时反对者指责他欺骗性地赢得了第二个任期。

MillionsofGuatemalansandHonduranshavefledviolence,povertyandclimatechange(whichhashurtfarming).Ratherthanraisingtaxesonthebetter-offtospendonhealth,education,security,disasterpreparednessandclimate-changemitigation,therulersofbothcountrieshavepreferredtorelyonremittancesfromtheleavers,whichaccountfor22%ofgdpinHondurasand14%inGuatemala.Governmentskickedoutinternationalbodiessetuptotacklecorruptionandorganisedcrimeinbothcountries.ProsecutorsinNewYorksayMrHernándeztookabribefromadrug-trafficker(hedeniesthis).Hisbrotherwasconvictedofdrug-traffickingbyacourtinNewYorkin.

数百万危地马拉人和洪都拉斯人逃离了暴力、贫困和气候变化(这伤害了农业)。这两个国家的统治者不愿意提高富人的税收用于健康、教育、安全、备灾和减缓气候变化,而是倾向于依靠离开者的汇款,这部分汇款占国内生产总值的22%国内生产总值洪都拉斯14%,危地马拉14%。各国政府驱逐了为解决两国的腐败和有组织犯罪而设立的国际机构。纽约检察官称埃尔南德斯先生接受了一名毒贩的贿赂(他否认了这一点)。他的兄弟于年被纽约的一家法院判定犯有贩毒罪。

AlthoughareliefeffortisunderwayinHonduras,itis“patchy”,saysGeorgeRedmanofOxfam,aBritishcharity.Hepointsoutthatnotonlywasthegovernmentunprepared—justweeksbeforethehurricanesitappointedareggaetonsingerwithnorelevantexperiencetoheaditsdisaster-relieforganisation—butthatthepresenceofstreetgangs


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